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Literature DB >> 1298234

Confounding in epidemiological studies: why "independent" effects may not be all they seem.

G D Smith¹, A N Phillips.

Abstract

Mesh：

Year: 1992 PMID： 1298234 PMCID： PMC1883392 DOI： 10.1136/bmj.305.6856.757

Source DB: PubMed Journal: BMJ ISSN： 0959-8138

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25 in total

1. Breastfeeding and intelligence.

Authors: L W Doyle; A L Rickards; E A Kelly; G W Ford; C Callanan
Journal: Lancet Date: 1992-03-21 Impact factor: 79.321

2. Bias in relative odds estimation owing to imprecise measurement of correlated exposures.

Authors: A N Phillips; G D Smith
Journal: Stat Med Date: 1992-05 Impact factor: 2.373

3. Lay epidemiology and the rationality of responses to health education.

Authors: S Frankel; C Davison; G D Smith
Journal: Br J Gen Pract Date: 1991-10 Impact factor: 5.386

Review 4. Smoking and cervical cancer--current status: a review.

Authors: W Winkelstein
Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1990-06 Impact factor: 4.897

5. Cigarette smoking and exposure to passive smoke are risk factors for cervical cancer.

Authors: M L Slattery; L M Robison; K L Schuman; T K French; T M Abbott; J C Overall; J W Gardner
Journal: JAMA Date: 1989-03-17 Impact factor: 56.272

6. Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women.

Authors: J E Manson; E B Rimm; M J Stampfer; G A Colditz; W C Willett; A S Krolewski; B Rosner; C H Hennekens; F E Speizer
Journal: Lancet Date: 1991-09-28 Impact factor: 79.321

7. Coffee drinking and nonfatal myocardial infarction in men under 55 years of age.

Authors: L Rosenberg; J R Palmer; J P Kelly; D W Kaufman; S Shapiro
Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1988-09 Impact factor: 4.897

8. Premature sexual activity as an indicator of psychosocial risk.

Authors: D P Orr; M Beiter; G Ingersoll
Journal: Pediatrics Date: 1991-02 Impact factor: 7.124

9. Prevalence and natural history of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy.

Authors: W B Kannel
Journal: Am J Med Date: 1983-09-26 Impact factor: 4.965

10. Risk factors for stroke in middle aged British men.

Authors: A G Shaper; A N Phillips; S J Pocock; M Walker; P W Macfarlane
Journal: BMJ Date: 1991-05-11

40 in total

Review 1. Sifting the evidence-what's wrong with significance tests?

Authors: J A Sterne; G Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ Date: 2001-01-27

Review 2. Learning to live with complexity: ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and health in Britain and the United States.

Authors: G D Smith
Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2000-11 Impact factor: 9.308

10. Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study.

Authors: D J Hole; G C Watt; G Davey-Smith; C L Hart; C R Gillis; V M Hawthorne
Journal: BMJ Date: 1996-09-21

Confounding in epidemiological studies: why "independent" effects may not be all they seem.

1. Breastfeeding and intelligence.

2. Bias in relative odds estimation owing to imprecise measurement of correlated exposures.

3. Lay epidemiology and the rationality of responses to health education.

Review 4. Smoking and cervical cancer--current status: a review.

5. Cigarette smoking and exposure to passive smoke are risk factors for cervical cancer.

6. Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women.

7. Coffee drinking and nonfatal myocardial infarction in men under 55 years of age.

8. Premature sexual activity as an indicator of psychosocial risk.

9. Prevalence and natural history of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy.

10. Risk factors for stroke in middle aged British men.

Review 1. Sifting the evidence-what's wrong with significance tests?

Review 2. Learning to live with complexity: ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and health in Britain and the United States.

3. Outcome of breech delivery at term.

4. Serum cholesterol and mortality in Finland.

Review 5. Impact of measurement error in the study of sexually transmitted infections.

6. Confounding in epidemiological studies.

7. A 28 year follow up of mortality among women who smoked during pregnancy.

8. Research steps in the development and evaluation of public health interventions.

9. Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: evidence from the 1958 British cohort study.

10. Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study.