Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of laryngeal chondrosarcoma.

Chondrosarcomas of the larynx (CS) are uncommon and predominantly affect the cricoid cartilage. In the larynx they have a distinctive biological behaviour and require individual treatment. A retrospective study was made on three cases of CS, all presenting with compromise of the upper respiratory tract. The medical history varied from several weeks to six years. Correct diagnosis required open resection of the lesion in all cases. Due to intra-operative findings, all patients underwent total laryngectomy. CS grow slowly and are therefore frequently diagnosed late in the course of the disease. A subglottic bulging of the mucosa should indicate high-resolution-computed-tomography of the larynx to exclude affection of the laryngeal framework. Correct diagnosis of laryngeal cartilaginous tumours requires a complete examination of the entirely resected tumour. Only extended and de-differentiated CS indicate further radical surgery, the remainder call for conservative surgical management.