Atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry.

Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is the last arrival in the family of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods to couple mass spectrometry (MS) to liquid-phase separation techniques. The basic idea was to further extend the fields of application of liquid chromatography (LC)-MS to those molecules that are not, or are poorly amenable, to electrospray (ESI) or APCI. The present review explores the literature. After a short introduction with an historical background and the premises for its development, we describe the technique, its physical principles, and the factors that affect its efficiency. The review also presents a survey of applications in different fields. Copyright 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 22:318-331, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10060