BACKGROUND: Resuscitated hemorrhagic shock predisposes patients to the development of organ dysfunction, particularly to lung injury. Ischemia/reperfusion during shock is believed to prime the immune system for an exaggerated inflammatory response to a second delayed stimulus. We previously reported an in vitro model of oxidant-induced priming of the macrophage to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) involves the Src family of tyrosine kinases. Because the Src family has been shown to activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, we hypothesize that LPS signaling after oxidant stress involves the p38 pathway and is activated by Src kinases. METHODS: The murine macrophage cell line, Raw 264.7, was first incubated with H(2)O(2) 100 micromol/L for 1 hour and then with low dose LPS 0.01 microg/mL for 5 to 45 minutes. In a separate experiment, the cells were pretreated with PP2 or SB203580, a specific inhibitor of the Src family and p38 respectively. The phosphorylation of p38, representative of its activation, was assessed in whole cell lysates by use of Western blotting. NF-kappaB translocation was detected by immunofluorescence with anti-p65 antibody. RESULTS: There is a time dependent earlier activation of p38 by oxidant stress. H(2)O(2) augmented the LPS-induced p38 phosphorylation. The Src inhibitor, PP2, prevented only the LPS-induced earlier phosphorylation after oxidant stress and had no effect on LPS activation of p38 alone. The p38 inhibitor had no effect in preventing NF-kappaB translocation in either the LPS- or H(2)O(2)/LPS-exposed cells. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidant stress generated during global ischemia/reperfusion activates p38 MAPK in an Src-dependent manner. Oxidants seem to alter the LPS-induced activation of p38. P38 does not seem to have a direct role in leading to oxidant-induced NF-kappaB translocation but may affect other oxidant-induced transcription factors. This altered pathway provides an alternative avenue to target therapy during the oxidant-induced priming of the macrophage induced by trauma resuscitation.
BACKGROUND: Resuscitated hemorrhagic shock predisposes patients to the development of organ dysfunction, particularly to lung injury. Ischemia/reperfusion during shock is believed to prime the immune system for an exaggerated inflammatory response to a second delayed stimulus. We previously reported an in vitro model of oxidant-induced priming of the macrophage to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) involves the Src family of tyrosine kinases. Because the Src family has been shown to activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, we hypothesize that LPS signaling after oxidant stress involves the p38 pathway and is activated by Src kinases. METHODS: The murine macrophage cell line, Raw 264.7, was first incubated with H(2)O(2) 100 micromol/L for 1 hour and then with low dose LPS 0.01 microg/mL for 5 to 45 minutes. In a separate experiment, the cells were pretreated with PP2 or SB203580, a specific inhibitor of the Src family and p38 respectively. The phosphorylation of p38, representative of its activation, was assessed in whole cell lysates by use of Western blotting. NF-kappaB translocation was detected by immunofluorescence with anti-p65 antibody. RESULTS: There is a time dependent earlier activation of p38 by oxidant stress. H(2)O(2) augmented the LPS-induced p38 phosphorylation. The Src inhibitor, PP2, prevented only the LPS-induced earlier phosphorylation after oxidant stress and had no effect on LPS activation of p38 alone. The p38 inhibitor had no effect in preventing NF-kappaB translocation in either the LPS- or H(2)O(2)/LPS-exposed cells. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidant stress generated during global ischemia/reperfusion activates p38 MAPK in an Src-dependent manner. Oxidants seem to alter the LPS-induced activation of p38. P38 does not seem to have a direct role in leading to oxidant-induced NF-kappaB translocation but may affect other oxidant-induced transcription factors. This altered pathway provides an alternative avenue to target therapy during the oxidant-induced priming of the macrophage induced by trauma resuscitation.
Authors: Danielle G Souza; Angélica T Vieira; Vanessa Pinho; Lirlândia P Sousa; Anderson A Andrade; Cláudio A Bonjardim; Michael McMillan; Michael Kahn; Mauro M Teixeira Journal: Br J Pharmacol Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 8.739
Authors: Hong-Lin Chan; Hsiu-Chuan Chou; MaCarmen Duran; Jana Gruenewald; Michael D Waterfield; Anne Ridley; John F Timms Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2009-12-07 Impact factor: 5.157
Authors: Maria E Monzon; Nevis Fregien; Nathalie Schmid; Nieves S Falcon; Michael Campos; S Marina Casalino-Matsuda; Rosanna Malbran Forteza Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2010-06-16 Impact factor: 5.157
Authors: Kinga A Powers; Katalin Szászi; Rachel G Khadaroo; Patrick S Tawadros; John C Marshall; András Kapus; Ori D Rotstein Journal: J Exp Med Date: 2006-07-17 Impact factor: 14.307
Authors: Eun Ji Jang; Hyoung Oh Jeong; Daeui Park; Dae Hyun Kim; Yeon Ja Choi; Ki Wung Chung; Min Hi Park; Byung Pal Yu; Hae Young Chung Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-10-14 Impact factor: 3.240