Review of bemiparin sodium--a new second-generation low molecular weight heparin and its applications in venous thromboembolism.

Bemiparin sodium (Hibor, Ivor, Zivor, Badyket, Laboratorios Farmaceuticos Rovi SA) is a new second-generation low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Bemiparin has the lowest mean molecular weight (3600 Da), the longest half-life (5.3 h) and the largest antifactor Xa:antifactor IIa ratio (8:1) of all LMWHs. Bemiparin promotes a greater release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor than unfractionated heparin (UFH) or dalteparin. These properties could result in a more favourable efficacy:safety ratio than the currently marketed LMWHs. Bemiparin 2500 IU/day was as effective as UFH for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in moderate risk abdominal surgery. Bemiparin 3500 IU/day significantly reduced VTE compared to UFH in high-risk hip replacement surgery. Bemiparin 3500 IU/day started postoperatively was as effective as enoxaparin 4000 IU/day started preoperatively in total knee arthroplasty, with a trend towards a lower rate of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism and symptomatic VTE. In patients with acute DVT, bemiparin was more effective than UFH in thrombus mass reduction and at least as effective as UFH for the prevention of clinical recurrence. Bemiparin was as effective as UFH for clot prevention during haemodialysis. The use of bemiparin was associated with a lower incidence of major and minor bleeding as compared to UFH in abdominal surgery. When compared with enoxaparin in orthopaedic surgery, a lower rate of complications at injection site was observed.