Linda J Carroll1, J David Cassidy, Pierre Côté. 1. Epidemiology Program, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. lcarroll@ualberta.ca
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determined the association between spinal pain, headache, health, demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and development of depressive symptomatology. METHODS: A population-based, random sample of adults was surveyed and followed at 6 and 12 months. Individuals at risk of depression at baseline are the subjects of this article (n=845). We used Cox proportional hazards models to measure the time-varying effects of demographic, socio-economic, and health status; comorbid medical conditions; spinal pain; and headaches on the development of depression. RESULTS: After adjusting for baseline depressive symptoms and factors associated with nonresponse to follow-up, we found that spinal pain severity, younger age, marital status (separated/divorced/widowed), self-perceived poor health status, and comorbid neurologic and gastro-intestinal disease were associated with onset of a new episode of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Important predictors of depressive symptomatology include demographic characteristics, health problems, and pain problems.
OBJECTIVES: To determined the association between spinal pain, headache, health, demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and development of depressive symptomatology. METHODS: A population-based, random sample of adults was surveyed and followed at 6 and 12 months. Individuals at risk of depression at baseline are the subjects of this article (n=845). We used Cox proportional hazards models to measure the time-varying effects of demographic, socio-economic, and health status; comorbid medical conditions; spinal pain; and headaches on the development of depression. RESULTS: After adjusting for baseline depressive symptoms and factors associated with nonresponse to follow-up, we found that spinal pain severity, younger age, marital status (separated/divorced/widowed), self-perceived poor health status, and comorbid neurologic and gastro-intestinal disease were associated with onset of a new episode of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Important predictors of depressive symptomatology include demographic characteristics, health problems, and pain problems.
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