Production compilation: a simple mechanism to model complex skill acquisition.

In this article we describe production compilation, a mechanism for modeling skill acquisition. Production compilation has been developed within the ACT-Rational (ACT-R; J. R. Anderson, D. Bothell, M. D. Byrne, & C. Lebiere, 2002) cognitive architecture and consists of combining and specializing task-independent procedures into task-specific procedures. The benefit of production compilation for researchers in human factors is that it enables them to test the strengths and weaknesses of their task analyses and user models by allowing them to model the learning trajectory from the main task level and the unit task level down to the key-stroke level. We provide an example of this process by developing and describing a model learning a simulated air traffic controller task. Actual or potential applications of this research include the evaluation of user interfaces, the design of systems that support learning, and the building of user models.