BACKGROUND: The lung is a common site of disease in HIV infection. Virus has been detected in BAL fluid (BALF) and saliva. However, the relationship between viral loads detected at different levels of the respiratory tract is unknown. METHOD: We measured simultaneous HIV viral loads in parotid saliva (PS), bronchial fluid (BF), BALF, and plasma by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 20 HIV-infected individuals. RESULTS: HIV was detected in 53% of BALF samples, 15% of BF samples, 5% of PS samples, and 88% of plasma samples. Viral loads in plasma and BALF samples were positively correlated. There were significantly higher levels of HIV viral load in both plasma and BALF in subjects with CD4 counts of < 200 cells/ microL compared to those with higher counts. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with lower BALF and plasma viral loads, and the effect in BALF was independent of the plasma viral load. Interestingly, smoking also was associated with lower levels of both BAL and BF viral loads, independent of the plasma viral load. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that while HIV can be detected in the respiratory tract, the viral load is influenced by both local factors (ie, level of the respiratory tree and cigarette smoking) and systemic factors (ie, ART and peripheral CD4 count).
BACKGROUND: The lung is a common site of disease in HIV infection. Virus has been detected in BAL fluid (BALF) and saliva. However, the relationship between viral loads detected at different levels of the respiratory tract is unknown. METHOD: We measured simultaneous HIV viral loads in parotid saliva (PS), bronchial fluid (BF), BALF, and plasma by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 20 HIV-infected individuals. RESULTS: HIV was detected in 53% of BALF samples, 15% of BF samples, 5% of PS samples, and 88% of plasma samples. Viral loads in plasma and BALF samples were positively correlated. There were significantly higher levels of HIV viral load in both plasma and BALF in subjects with CD4 counts of < 200 cells/ microL compared to those with higher counts. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with lower BALF and plasma viral loads, and the effect in BALF was independent of the plasma viral load. Interestingly, smoking also was associated with lower levels of both BAL and BF viral loads, independent of the plasma viral load. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that while HIV can be detected in the respiratory tract, the viral load is influenced by both local factors (ie, level of the respiratory tree and cigarette smoking) and systemic factors (ie, ART and peripheral CD4 count).
Authors: Barbara Kalsdorf; Keira H Skolimowska; Thomas J Scriba; Rod Dawson; Keertan Dheda; Kathryn Wood; Jessica Hofmeister; Willem A Hanekom; Christoph Lange; Robert J Wilkinson Journal: Eur J Immunol Date: 2012-12-13 Impact factor: 5.532
Authors: Björn Corleis; Douglas S Kwon; Abigail E Schiff; Alice H Linder; Shillah N Luhembo; Stephanie Banning; Martin J Deymier; Thomas J Diefenbach; Amy K Dickey; Athe M Tsibris; Alejandro B Balazs; Josalyn L Cho; Benjamin D Medoff; Gerhard Walzl; Robert J Wilkinson; Wendy A Burgers Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-02-16 Impact factor: 4.996
Authors: Gillian S Tomlinson; Lucy C K Bell; Naomi F Walker; Jhen Tsang; Jeremy S Brown; Ronan Breen; Marc Lipman; David R Katz; Robert F Miller; Benjamin M Chain; Paul T G Elkington; Mahdad Noursadeghi Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2013-11-21 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Charles Preston Neff; Shaikh M Atif; Eric C Logue; Janet Siebert; Carsten Görg; James Lavelle; Suzanne Fiorillo; Homer Twigg; Thomas B Campbell; Andrew P Fontenot; Brent E Palmer Journal: J Immunol Date: 2020-09-14 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Rubina Bunjun; Andreia P Soares; Narjis Thawer; Tracey L Müller; Agano Kiravu; Zekarias Ginbot; Björn Corleis; Brandon D Murugan; Douglas S Kwon; Florian von Groote-Bidlingmaier; Catherine Riou; Robert J Wilkinson; Gerhard Walzl; Wendy A Burgers Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2021-06-30 Impact factor: 7.561