Troponin levels as a guide to treatment of pulmonary embolism.

Right ventricular dysfunction in hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism may be a harbinger of adverse outcomes and may potentially result in the early use of thrombolytic therapy. Risk stratification of these patients is an area of recent and intense investigation with a focus on the assessment of right ventricular function after the embolic event. Echocardiography has been used to identify right ventricular dysfunction but is potentially hampered by a number of limitations. With the onset of right ventricular dilation and possible ischemia in acute pulmonary embolism, elevated serum troponins may be an early and reliable marker of right ventricular dysfunction. In acute pulmonary embolism, both right ventricular dysfunction by echocardiogram and elevated troponin levels have been shown to predict an adverse outcome. Therefore, serum troponin levels should help stratify patients with submassive acute pulmonary embolism into a group in which aggressive medical or surgical intervention would be considered.