Differential patterns of glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunolabeling in the brain of adult lizards.

The present study describes by means of immunohistochemistry the comparative distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in the forebrain and midbrain of three species of lizards: Eumeces algeriensis, Scincoidae; Agama impalearis, Agamidae; Tarentola mauritanica, Gekkonidae. In the species studied, the different types and proportions of glial cells expressing GFAP showed considerable variation. These cells include radial glia, oval cells, tanycytes, ependymocytes, glia limitans, and astrocytes. In Eumeces, astrocytes are particularly abundant and their processes form numerous perivascular end-feet; in addition well-differentiated ependymal cells and glia limitans express GFAP. These mature glial features are concordant with the relatively advanced phylogenetic level of Eumeces. In Tarentola, relatively few GFAP-expressing glial cells are observed, consisting mainly of radial glia and tanycytes. These features indicate a relatively immature state of the glial cell populations in this species. In Agama, GFAP-immunostained cells are confined to the periventricular and subpial brain areas; the ventricular lining contains numerous GFAP-immunopositive tanycytes and well-differentiated glia limitans. This pattern indicates that the glial cell profile in Agama exhibits characteristics intermediate between Eumeces and Tarentola, a feature which is discordant with the relatively primitive phylogenetic level of Agamidae compared to Gekkonidae. Together, the results of the present study provide novel data on the characterization of GFAP-expressing cell populations in different species of lizards. We suggest that the different glial patterns observed in the lizard brain correlates with developmental and functional aspects. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.