OBJECTIVE: There is a consensus that genetic factors are important in the causation of bipolar disorder (BPD); however, little is known about other risk factors in the aetiology of BPD. Our aim was to review the literature on such risk factors - risk factors other than family history of affective disorders - as predictors for the initial onset of BPD. METHODS: We conducted a literature search using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases. We selected factors of interest including demographic factors, factors related to birth, personal, social and family backgrounds, and history of medical conditions. The relevant studies were extracted systematically according to a search protocol. RESULTS: We identified approximately 100 studies that addressed the associations between antecedent environmental factors and a later risk for BPD. Suggestive findings have been provided regarding pregnancy and obstetric complications, winter-spring birth, stressful life events, traumatic brain injuries and multiple sclerosis. However, evidence is still inconclusive. Childbirth is likely to be a risk factor. The inconsistency across studies and methodological issues inherent in the study designs are also discussed. CONCLUSION: Owing to a paucity of studies and methodological issues, risk factors of BPD other than family history of affective disorders have generally been neither confirmed nor excluded. We call for further research.
OBJECTIVE: There is a consensus that genetic factors are important in the causation of bipolar disorder (BPD); however, little is known about other risk factors in the aetiology of BPD. Our aim was to review the literature on such risk factors - risk factors other than family history of affective disorders - as predictors for the initial onset of BPD. METHODS: We conducted a literature search using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases. We selected factors of interest including demographic factors, factors related to birth, personal, social and family backgrounds, and history of medical conditions. The relevant studies were extracted systematically according to a search protocol. RESULTS: We identified approximately 100 studies that addressed the associations between antecedent environmental factors and a later risk for BPD. Suggestive findings have been provided regarding pregnancy and obstetric complications, winter-spring birth, stressful life events, traumatic brain injuries and multiple sclerosis. However, evidence is still inconclusive. Childbirth is likely to be a risk factor. The inconsistency across studies and methodological issues inherent in the study designs are also discussed. CONCLUSION: Owing to a paucity of studies and methodological issues, risk factors of BPD other than family history of affective disorders have generally been neither confirmed nor excluded. We call for further research.
Authors: Aditya Ambati; Ryan Hillary; Smaranda Leu-Semenescu; Hanna M Ollila; Ling Lin; Emmanuel H During; Neal Farber; Thomas J Rico; Juliette Faraco; Eileen Leary; Andrea N Goldstein-Piekarski; Yu-Shu Huang; Fang Han; Yakov Sivan; Michel Lecendreux; Pauline Dodet; Makoto Honda; Natan Gadoth; Sona Nevsimalova; Fabio Pizza; Takashi Kanbayashi; Rosa Peraita-Adrados; Guy D Leschziner; Rosa Hasan; Francesca Canellas; Kazuhiko Kume; Makrina Daniilidou; Patrice Bourgin; David Rye; José L Vicario; Birgit Hogl; Seung Chul Hong; Guiseppe Plazzi; Geert Mayer; Anne Marie Landtblom; Yves Dauvilliers; Isabelle Arnulf; Emmanuel Jean-Marie Mignot Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2021-03-23 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Guillermo Perez Algorta; Eric A Youngstrom; James Phelps; Melissa M Jenkins; Jennifer Kogos Youngstrom; Robert L Findling Journal: Psychol Assess Date: 2012-07-16
Authors: Laura L Pendergast; Eric A Youngstrom; Kristen G Merkitch; Katie A Moore; Chelsea L Black; Lyn Y Abramson; Lauren B Alloy Journal: Psychol Assess Date: 2013-12-02