Purple glove syndrome: a complication of intravenous phenytoin.

Intravenous phenytoin, available for use since 1956, has several well known adverse effects, such as hypotension, arrhythmias and toxicity. Purple glove syndrome is a less common complication that can have serious consequences. Fasciotomies, amputations and permanent disuse of the hand and forearm have been reported. The etiology of purple glove syndrome is still unknown, but possible etiologies and risk factors have been suggested. Three stages of purple glove syndrome have been identified: appearance, progression and resolution. During the second stage, progression, purple glove syndrome can be identified as either mild or severe. Mild cases may heal uneventfully when nursing measures such as elevation, application of dry, gentle heat and measures to prevent secondary injury are instituted. Severe cases may require emergency surgical intervention such as fasciotomy to relieve pressure and restore blood flow. Therapeutic nursing interventions aimed at maximizing healing and promoting comfort are essential.