Utility of electroencephalography in the evaluation of common neurologic conditions in children.

The objective of this study was to assess the utility of electroencephalography (EEG) in the evaluation of common neurologic conditions in children. The EEG recordings of 534 consecutive children (aged < 20 years) were prospectively read by a certified pediatric neurologist. Common diagnostic indications included the following: clinical seizures (33.8%), definite epilepsy (31.2%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (9.1%), headache (8%), syncope (3.5%), learning disabilities (2%), tic disorders (1.4%), and sleep disorders (1.1%). Overall, 63.8% of EEG records were normal, slowing background activity was noted in 6.1%, ADHD was noted in 35.3% (definite epilepsy), and epileptiform activity was noted in 37.1% of the cases of definite epilepsy and 13.2% of the clinically suspected cases. Epileptiform activity was rarely found in the patients without epilepsy. All EEG records of children with syncope (n = 19) and headache (n = 43) were normal. These findings indicate that although EEG plays an important diagnostic role in epilepsy, interictal EEG is being overused during evaluation of various neurologic disorders in children, and a normal EEG is highly predictable in children with nonepileptic conditions.