Attitudes to the use of prophylaxis for thrombo-embolism in neurosurgical patients.

Neurosurgical patients are at significant risk of thromboembolic complications. A survey of 58 consultant neurosurgeons in United Kingdom confirmed that 84.5% regularly used some form of prophylaxis. For all forms of neurosurgery, the most preferred method of prophylaxis was mechanical (graduated compression stockings-TEDS and intra-operative pneumatic calf compressors-IPC) or in the post-operative period a combination of mechanical methods and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). LMWH was rarely administered in the perioperative period. The majority of neurosurgeons believed that TEDS and LMWH reduced post-operative DVT (79% and 90%, respectively) and PE (43% and 67%), but 29% associated LMWH with bleeding complications. A review of current literature revealed that TEDS, IPC, and LMWH are effective in reducing the incidence of DVT, but the evidence over the safety of heparin is inconclusive in neurosurgical patients. There is still room for improvement as a minority of neurosurgeons continue to ignore the importance of prophylaxis against thrombo-embolism in neurosurgery.