Hardware-software co-design of portable functional gastrointestinal stimulator system.

In the recent years, functional electrical stimulation has been applied to restore impaired motility in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike other methods of electrical stimulation of the gut, microprocessor-controlled, sequential electrical stimulation has been shown to induce peristalsis and enhance emptying in acute canine gastric and colonic models. This study aims at completing the development of a portable microprocessor-based functional stimulator system consisting of a microelectronic stimulator, patient-specific computer-based real-time software and a programming interfacing device. The ultimate goals of the design are to ensure that (1) the portable stimulator can be efficiently utilized in chronic animal experiments; and (2) the device can be further miniaturized into an implantable version. The designed portable stimulator generates four channel sequential bipolar rectangular pulse trains with programmable parameters within the stimulation requirements obtained from a previously developed computer model. Real-time simulation of colonic peristalsis and a case-specific stimulation model were implemented using patient-specific computer-based software. A chronic canine case study confirmed the feasibility of this microprocessor-controlled stimulation method for future clinical applications in humans.