Modulatory role of substance P on gonadotropin and prolactin secretion in the rabbit.

Substance P (SP) is present in large quantities in the brainstem and hypophysiotropic areas of the brain, but its roles in gonadotropin and prolactin secretion are controversial. The aim of this study was to measure luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) release from the pituitary after either intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection or infusion of SP or its C- and N-terminal fragments in intact (INT) and ovariectomized (OVX) conscious rabbits. A single injection of SP into the 3rd cerebral ventricle (3CVT) in INT and OVX rabbits augmented plasma LH concentrations, especially when SP was applied during the initial phase of an LH peak. Injection of SP during the declining phase of LH release was not effective. Injection of SP into the 3CVT was followed by increased plasma PRL concentrations in OVX but not in INT rabbits. Both SP 1-11 and SP 1-7 failed to alter LH, FSH, and PRL secretion when the peptides were slowly infused into the 3CVT, although ICV infusion of SP 6-11 did cause a delayed increase in LH release. The results support a stimulatory role of SP on LH and prolactin release. The results further indicate that although the stimulatory effect of SP on LH is ovarian steroid-independent, in the absence of ovarian steroids, SP is stimulatory only during the rising phase of an LH pulse. A dual role of SP-ergic transmission in modulating LH secretion is discussed.