H M Macdonald1, S A New, M K Campbell, D M Reid. 1. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Medical School Buildings, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. h.macdonald@abdn.ac.uk
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether energy intake or energy expenditure affects 5-7 y weight gain in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women, and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use or dietary calcium (Ca) intake are contributory factors. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational study of healthy women around the menopause. SUBJECTS: A total of 1064 initially premenopausal women, selected from a random population of 5119 women aged 45-54 y at baseline. In all, 907 women (85.2%) returned 6.3+/-0.6 y later for repeat measurements. Of these, 36% were postmenopausal (no HRT) and 45% had taken HRT, and 898 women completed the questionnaires. MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height, estimation of energy intake by food frequency questionnaire and physical activity level (PAL) by questionnaire. RESULTS: Change in PAL influenced weight change explaining 4.4% (P=0.001) of the variation. Alterations in dietary energy intake also had a small but significant effect (0.6% P=0.013). Dietary Ca intake had no effect on weight or weight change. CONCLUSION: Mean weight had increased and was influenced more by reduced energy expenditure rather than increased energy intake. HRT and dietary Ca intake did not influence weight gain.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether energy intake or energy expenditure affects 5-7 y weight gain in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women, and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use or dietary calcium (Ca) intake are contributory factors. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational study of healthy women around the menopause. SUBJECTS: A total of 1064 initially premenopausal women, selected from a random population of 5119 women aged 45-54 y at baseline. In all, 907 women (85.2%) returned 6.3+/-0.6 y later for repeat measurements. Of these, 36% were postmenopausal (no HRT) and 45% had taken HRT, and 898 women completed the questionnaires. MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height, estimation of energy intake by food frequency questionnaire and physical activity level (PAL) by questionnaire. RESULTS: Change in PAL influenced weight change explaining 4.4% (P=0.001) of the variation. Alterations in dietary energy intake also had a small but significant effect (0.6% P=0.013). Dietary Ca intake had no effect on weight or weight change. CONCLUSION: Mean weight had increased and was influenced more by reduced energy expenditure rather than increased energy intake. HRT and dietary Ca intake did not influence weight gain.
Authors: Nikki C Bush; Jessica A Alvarez; Suzanne S Choquette; Gary R Hunter; Robert A Oster; Betty E Darnell; Barbara A Gower Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2010-03-04 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Dongshan Zhu; Hsin-Fang Chung; Nirmala Pandeya; Annette J Dobson; Diana Kuh; Sybil L Crawford; Ellen B Gold; Nancy E Avis; Graham G Giles; Fiona Bruinsma; Hans-Olov Adami; Elisabete Weiderpass; Darren C Greenwood; Janet E Cade; Ellen S Mitchell; Nancy F Woods; Eric J Brunner; Mette Kildevæld Simonsen; Gita D Mishra Journal: Eur J Epidemiol Date: 2018-02-19 Impact factor: 8.082