Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent activation of Rac.

The monomeric GTPase Rac and the lipid kinase phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) are intracellular signalling enzymes that each regulate a huge range of cellular functions. Their signalling pathways overlap. Several pathways lead from PI3K activation via the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)) to the activation of guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate Rac. Vice versa, Rac can also stimulate the activation of PI3K, although the mechanism for this is unclear. We review here the evidence that links PI3K and Rac signalling pathways.