The paradoxically high reactivity of septal neurons in hibernating ground squirrels to endogenous neuropeptides is lost after chronic deafferentation of the septum from the preopticohypothalamic areas.

The effect of neuropeptides (TSKYR, TSKY and DY) and neurotransmitters (serotonin and noradrenaline) on the activity of medial septum (MS) neurons from the brain of summer wakening ground squirrels (WGS), hibernating ground squirrels (HGS), and hibernating ground squirrels with the undercut septum (UHGS) was studied. It was shown that in HGS, the neuropeptides were substantially more effective in modulating the spontaneous activity of MS neurons than in WGS. The undercutting of MS led to the disappearance of the increased responsiveness to the neuropeptides: in UHGS, neuropeptide-induced changes in the spontaneous activity became nearly identical to those in WGS. The decrease in MS responsiveness in UHGS is due mainly to pacemaker neurons, which cease to respond to the peptides. It was shown that the neuropeptides have a dual effect: they change the level of spontaneous activity through direct modulation of pacemaker potential and control responses to electrical stimulation by modulating the synaptic transmission. Contrary to neuropeptides, neurotransmitters were highly effective in neurons of all groups of animals. Presumably, the enhanced excitability of MS during hibernation, which is necessary for performing the 'sentry post' function, is formed under the influence of the preopticohypothalamic area, and this influence is mediated by peptides.