OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the effects of menopause and other putative bone loss modifying factors on bone mineral density (BMD) change. METHODS: The study population, 396 healthy women aged 48-59 years with no history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use or any bone affecting disease or medications, was selected from a random sample (n=2025) of the OSTPRE-study cohort (n=13100) in Kuopio, Finland. BMD at lumbar spine (LS) and three areas of proximal femur (femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle (W), trochanter (T)) was measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry at baseline in 1989-1991 and at 5 years in 1994-1997. RESULTS: 116 women who reported the beginning of menopause during the follow-up (perimenopausal) had the greatest mean annual bone loss (-1.22%/year (LS), -0.87% year (FN), -1.14%/year (W), -0.36%/year (T)). In women under 5 years postmenopausal at baseline (early postmenopausal, n=172) bone loss rate was significantly lower than in perimenopausal women. In women over 5 years postmenopausal at baseline (late postmenopausal, n=108) bone loss rate was significantly further decreased only at lumbar spine. In peri- and postmenopausal women the annual BMD change was best described as a trinomial function of the duration of menopause at all sites (P<0.03). Of the life-style factors studied protective effects were found in weight increase in both spinal and femoral bone (P=0.010/P<0.001), high baseline weight in spine (P<0.001) and high grip strength in femoral neck (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: The beginning of menopause is accompanied by significant bone loss, which decreases in later menopause. Few other physiological and life-style factors were found to significantly contribute to this phenomenon.
OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the effects of menopause and other putative bone loss modifying factors on bone mineral density (BMD) change. METHODS: The study population, 396 healthy women aged 48-59 years with no history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use or any bone affecting disease or medications, was selected from a random sample (n=2025) of the OSTPRE-study cohort (n=13100) in Kuopio, Finland. BMD at lumbar spine (LS) and three areas of proximal femur (femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle (W), trochanter (T)) was measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry at baseline in 1989-1991 and at 5 years in 1994-1997. RESULTS: 116 women who reported the beginning of menopause during the follow-up (perimenopausal) had the greatest mean annual bone loss (-1.22%/year (LS), -0.87% year (FN), -1.14%/year (W), -0.36%/year (T)). In women under 5 years postmenopausal at baseline (early postmenopausal, n=172) bone loss rate was significantly lower than in perimenopausal women. In women over 5 years postmenopausal at baseline (late postmenopausal, n=108) bone loss rate was significantly further decreased only at lumbar spine. In peri- and postmenopausal women the annual BMD change was best described as a trinomial function of the duration of menopause at all sites (P<0.03). Of the life-style factors studied protective effects were found in weight increase in both spinal and femoral bone (P=0.010/P<0.001), high baseline weight in spine (P<0.001) and high grip strength in femoral neck (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: The beginning of menopause is accompanied by significant bone loss, which decreases in later menopause. Few other physiological and life-style factors were found to significantly contribute to this phenomenon.
Authors: Jarmo Saarelainen; Vesa Kiviniemi; Heikki Kröger; Marjo Tuppurainen; Leo Niskanen; Jukka Jurvelin; Risto Honkanen Journal: J Bone Miner Metab Date: 2011-09-22 Impact factor: 2.626
Authors: Karen L Shea; Kathleen M Gavin; Edward L Melanson; Ellie Gibbons; Anne Stavros; Pamela Wolfe; John M Kittelson; Sheryl F Vondracek; Robert S Schwartz; Margaret E Wierman; Wendy M Kohrt Journal: Menopause Date: 2015-10 Impact factor: 2.953
Authors: Joonas Sirola; Marjo Tuppurainen; Risto Honkanen; Jukka S Jurvelin; Heikki Kröger Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2005-07-28 Impact factor: 4.507
Authors: Janne Pesonen; Joonas Sirola; Marjo Tuppurainen; Jukka Jurvelin; Esko Alhava; Risto Honkanen; Heikki Kröger Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2005-06-16 Impact factor: 4.507