Evaluation of operability before lung resection.

Lung resection remains the treatment of choice in the curative approach to nonsmall cell lung cancer. Because most lung cancer patients are current or former smokers, they are at increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease, conditions associated with increased surgical morbidity and mortality. Careful preoperative assessment of the cardiopulmonary reserves is therefore of great importance. Various single and combined parameters for the functional assessment before surgery have been proposed. Currently the emphasis is on the determination of forced expiratory volume in the first second, the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and exercise testing with the measurement of maximal oxygen uptake. Adherence to established algorithms for this preoperative evaluation, advances in operative technique (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and combined operations of lung cancer surgery with lung volume reduction surgery), and perioperative care permit resections in patients who until recently would have been considered functionally inoperable.