New treatments for age-related macular degeneration.

The estimated increase in life expectancy of the U.S. population will result in a greater incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the next few decades. Exudative AMD, which is characterized by choroidal neovascularization, carries a high risk of severe central vision loss and can compromise an individual's independence and quality of life. The increasing burden of AMD has created an acute need for more effective treatments. Results from a recent large-scale study have shown that supplementation with antioxidants and zinc reduces the risk of progression of dry to exudative AMD. Standard thermal laser photocoagulation can reduce the risk of central vision loss in exudative AMD in a limited number of patients. The recent advent of photodynamic laser therapy has increased the number of patients with exudative AMD who can benefit from treatment. This paper summarizes the clinical presentation of AMD and reviews treatments that are currently available, as well as treatments in development.