OBJECTIVE: To investigate brain areas involved in the initiation and execution of eyelid spasm in patients with benign essential blepharospasm. METHODS: The authors used fMRI and correlated the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal with epochs of frequent eyelid spasm in six patients and with epochs of voluntary eye blinks in four healthy subjects. RESULTS: Spasm epochs were accompanied by activation in a subregion of the putamen in all patients, whereas voluntary blinking in healthy subjects was not. Other areas of activation common to patients and healthy subjects included frontal and parietal operculum, supplementary motor area, primary sensorimotor cortex, various visual areas, and the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: The striatum may be involved in the initiation or execution of eyelid spasm. Future studies, possibly including electromyography (EMG) during fMRI, are needed to detect the sequence and role of other concomitantly activated areas.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate brain areas involved in the initiation and execution of eyelid spasm in patients with benign essential blepharospasm. METHODS: The authors used fMRI and correlated the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal with epochs of frequent eyelid spasm in six patients and with epochs of voluntary eye blinks in four healthy subjects. RESULTS: Spasm epochs were accompanied by activation in a subregion of the putamen in all patients, whereas voluntary blinking in healthy subjects was not. Other areas of activation common to patients and healthy subjects included frontal and parietal operculum, supplementary motor area, primary sensorimotor cortex, various visual areas, and the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: The striatum may be involved in the initiation or execution of eyelid spasm. Future studies, possibly including electromyography (EMG) during fMRI, are needed to detect the sequence and role of other concomitantly activated areas.
Authors: Vikram G Shakkottai; Amit Batla; Kailash Bhatia; William T Dauer; Christian Dresel; Martin Niethammer; David Eidelberg; Robert S Raike; Yoland Smith; H A Jinnah; Ellen J Hess; Sabine Meunier; Mark Hallett; Rachel Fremont; Kamran Khodakhah; Mark S LeDoux; Traian Popa; Cécile Gallea; Stéphane Lehericy; Andreea C Bostan; Peter L Strick Journal: Cerebellum Date: 2017-04 Impact factor: 3.847
Authors: H A Jinnah; Alfredo Berardelli; Cynthia Comella; Giovanni Defazio; Mahlon R Delong; Stewart Factor; Wendy R Galpern; Mark Hallett; Christy L Ludlow; Joel S Perlmutter; Ami R Rosen Journal: Mov Disord Date: 2013-06-15 Impact factor: 10.338