Human immunodeficiency virus-1 RNA levels and CD4 lymphocyte counts, during treatment for active tuberculosis, in South African patients.

During 6 months of treatment, we measured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virus loads, CD4 T cell counts, and immune activation markers, in 111 HIV-1-infected patients with active tuberculosis (TB). The median virus load (baseline, 5.58 log(10) copies/mL) significantly increased at 1 month (5.71 log(10) copies/mL), then returned to near-baseline levels at 3 months (5.40 log(10) copies/mL) and at 6 months (5.36 log(10) copies/mL). In contrast, the median CD4 counts increased at 1 month (186/mm(3)), at 3 months (238/mm(3)), and at 6 months (239/mm(3)). CD4 counts and virus loads did not change during therapy. Expression of CD38 and HLA-DR remained high throughout treatment, whereas plasma levels of interleukin-6 decreased over time.