Pharmacogenomics of psychiatric drug treatment.

It is the goal of pharmacogenomics in psychiatry to establish predictive relationships between polymorphisms of candidate genes and therapeutic response to drug treatment. Polymorphisms of candidate genes related to drug mechanisms and pathophysiology of illness and defined clinical phenotype are the foundations for pharmacogenomic studies. Pharmacogenomic studies of antipsychotic response have focused on polymorphisms of genes for dopamine and serotonin receptors with most positive results reported for polymorphisms of genes of the 5HT2a and 5HT2c serotonin receptor subtypes. Although the goal of establishing individualized medicine predicated on an individual patient's genetic code has yet to be achieved, the fundamentals are now in place for second-generation investigation and more application to health care.