Remarkably stereoselective photoinduced electron-transfer reaction between zinc myoglobin and optically active binaphthyl bisviologen.

We have designed and synthesized new optically active bisviologens ([BNMV](4+)) containing a binaphthyl moiety to examine the stereoselective photoinduced electron-transfer (ET) reactions with zinc-substituted myoglobin (ZnMb) by flash photolysis. The photoexcited triplet state of ZnMb, (3)(ZnMb)*, was successfully quenched by [BNMV](4+) ions to form the radical pair of a ZnMb cation (ZnMb(.+)) and a reduced viologen ([BNMV](.3+)), followed by a thermal ET reaction to the ground state. The rate constants ( k(q)) for the ET quenching at 25 degrees C were obtained as k(q)( R)=(2.9+/-0.2)x10(7) M(-1) s(-1) and k(q)( S)=(2.2+/-0.2)x10(7) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. The ratio of k(q)( R)/ k(q)( S)=1.3 indicates that the ( R)-isomer of the chiral viologen preferentially quenches (3)(ZnMb)*. On the other hand, the rate constants ( k) for the thermal ET reaction from [BNMV](.3+) to ZnMb(-+) at 25 degrees C were k( R)=(1.2+/-0.1)x10(8) M(-1) s(-1) and k( S)=(0.47+/-0.03)x10(8) M(-1) s(-1), respectively, and the ratio remarkably increased to k( R)/ k( S)=2.6. The activation parameters, Delta H(not equal) and Delta S(not equal), were determined from the kinetic measurements at various temperatures (10-30 degrees C) to understand the ET mechanisms. In the quenching reaction, the energy differences of Delta Delta H*(R- S) and T Delta Delta S*( R- S) at 25 degrees C were calculated to be -3.9+/-1.6 and -3.3+/-0.2 kJ mol(-1), respectively, whereas Delta Delta H*( R-S)=7.7+/-1.9 kJ mol(-1 )and T Delta Delta S*( R-S)=9.9+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1 )were found for the thermal ET reaction. Therefore, the thermal ET reaction to the ground state was proved to be dominated by the entropy term, and the large stereoselectivity may arise from the decrease in charge repulsion between donor and acceptor.