OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the accuracy of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in predicting future Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be improved by the addition of patient and informant ratings of cognitive difficulties. DESIGN: An inception cohort of nondemented patients followed longitudinally for 2 years. SETTING: Patients referred to a university teaching hospital research investigation by their family physicians because of concerns about memory impairment. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-five community-residing patients were included who did not have dementia or any identifiable cause for memory impairment. After 2 years, 29 met criteria for AD, and 95 were not demented. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline assessments included MMSE, an Informant Rating Scale, and a Patient Rating Scale of cognitive difficulties. After 2 years, patients were diagnosed following the reference standard for probable AD. Diagnosticians were blind to baseline scores. RESULTS: Age and education were included in all analyses as covariates. The best logistic regression model included the Informant Rating Scale and the MMSE (sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 79%). An empirically reduced six-item model that included two items each from the MMSE, the Patient Rating Scale, and the Informant Rating Scale produced a significantly better model than the one with the full test scores (sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 94%). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that inclusion of informant ratings with the MMSE significantly improved its accuracy in the prediction of probable AD. Replication in a new prospective cohort of nondemented patients is necessary to confirm these findings.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the accuracy of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in predicting future Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be improved by the addition of patient and informant ratings of cognitive difficulties. DESIGN: An inception cohort of nondemented patients followed longitudinally for 2 years. SETTING:Patients referred to a university teaching hospital research investigation by their family physicians because of concerns about memory impairment. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-five community-residing patients were included who did not have dementia or any identifiable cause for memory impairment. After 2 years, 29 met criteria for AD, and 95 were not demented. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline assessments included MMSE, an Informant Rating Scale, and a Patient Rating Scale of cognitive difficulties. After 2 years, patients were diagnosed following the reference standard for probable AD. Diagnosticians were blind to baseline scores. RESULTS: Age and education were included in all analyses as covariates. The best logistic regression model included the Informant Rating Scale and the MMSE (sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 79%). An empirically reduced six-item model that included two items each from the MMSE, the Patient Rating Scale, and the Informant Rating Scale produced a significantly better model than the one with the full test scores (sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 94%). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that inclusion of informant ratings with the MMSE significantly improved its accuracy in the prediction of probable AD. Replication in a new prospective cohort of nondemented patients is necessary to confirm these findings.
Authors: Jianzhao Shen; Sujuan Gao; Frederick W Unverzagt; Adesola Ogunniyi; Olusegun Baiyewu; Oye Gureje; Hugh C Hendrie; Kathleen S Hall Journal: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2006-07 Impact factor: 3.485
Authors: Joel C Mitchell; Malcolm B Dick; Amanda E Wood; Andre M Tapp; Raphael Ziegler Journal: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord Date: 2015 Jul-Sep Impact factor: 2.703
Authors: Bartholomew D Brigidi; Thomas M Achenbach; Levent Dumenci; Paul A Newhouse Journal: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2010-11 Impact factor: 3.485
Authors: Sebastian Palmqvist; Joakim Hertze; Lennart Minthon; Carina Wattmo; Henrik Zetterberg; Kaj Blennow; Elisabet Londos; Oskar Hansson Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-06-22 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Jacqueline C Dominguez; Ma Fe P de Guzman; Ma Lourdes C Joson; Krizelle Fowler; Boots P Natividad; Precy S Cruz; Jose Leo Jiloca; Primitivo B Mactal; Jayvee Dyne Dominguez; Jeffrey Domingo; Jhozel Kim Dominguez-Awao; Macario Reandelar; Jem R Javier; ThienKieuThi Phung; John C Morris; James E Galvin Journal: Int J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2021-10-31
Authors: Sam T Creavin; Susanna Wisniewski; Anna H Noel-Storr; Clare M Trevelyan; Thomas Hampton; Dane Rayment; Victoria M Thom; Kirsty J E Nash; Hosam Elhamoui; Rowena Milligan; Anish S Patel; Demitra V Tsivos; Tracey Wing; Emma Phillips; Sophie M Kellman; Hannah L Shackleton; Georgina F Singleton; Bethany E Neale; Martha E Watton; Sarah Cullum Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2016-01-13