Complications of percutaneous treatment of thrombosed hemodialysis access grafts.

Percutaneous catheter-based thrombolysis is commonly used in association with angioplasty to treat thrombosed hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts. Although major complications of these percutaneous procedures are relatively uncommon, they can result in several potentially serious complications, including pulmonary embolism, cerebral embolism, arterial embolism, bleeding with perigraft hematoma or hemorrhage, and vein rupture. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical significance, and management of these complications.