Treating dyslipidemic patients with lipid-modifying and combination therapies.

Updated guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program give greater emphasis to lipoproteins other than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) than previous guidelines. Although statins remain first-line therapy for most patients to lower LDL, combination therapy is the next logical step in achieving goals in patients with mixed dyslipidemia or elevated LDL despite statin therapy. As the prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and atherogenic dyslipidemia rises, the importance of treating the total lipid profile becomes even more crucial. Niacin, fibrates, and bile acid sequestrants are effective in combination with statins in lowering LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Although combination therapies may increase the risk of myopathy, both fibrate-statin and niacin-statin combinations are considered safe. In addition, niacin-statin therapy reduces atherosclerotic progression and coronary events. New pharmacologic formulations exist that will further affect treatment: a single-tablet combination of lovastatin and extended-release niacin is available, as is ezetimibe, a cholesterol-absorption inhibitor. In all, both HDL and triglyceride levels correlate with cardiovascular risk and should be considered secondary targets of therapy. Combination therapy can be safe and effective and can be constructed to affect all lipoprotein parameters.