A rare case of retrocaval ureter associated with persistent left vena cava.

We report a rare case of a retrocaval ureter associated with a left inferior vena cava transposition and with concomitant nephrolithiasis in a young woman already surgically treated during her first years of life for cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis and surgical procedure are described, including the use of a flexible ureterorenoscope to facilitate kidney stone removal. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel