Individual and social/environmental predictors of alcohol and drug use 2 years following substance abuse treatment.

The purpose of this study was to identify individual and social/environmental predictors of alcohol and drug use 2 years following substance abuse treatment. Participants (n=180) self-administered questionnaires within their first month of substance abuse treatment and completed a 2-year follow-up interview. Individual factors (coping, self-efficacy, resource needs, and expectations for sober fun), social/environmental factors (craving, exposure, negative social influences, and involvement in substance-using leisure activities), and background characteristics measured during treatment were used to predict alcohol and drug use during a 2-year follow-up using manifest variable regression analysis. Results suggest that poorer self-efficacy, greater involvement in substance-using leisure activities, being single, and less income predicted alcohol use directly, whereas greater resource needs and involvement in substance-using leisure activities, being of minority status, and being single predicted drug use directly. Income, gender, problem severity, marital status, and race also predicted alcohol and drug use indirectly. Findings highlight differential predictors of posttreatment substance use that may be useful in developing alternative approaches to prevent relapse.