Employed adolescents and beliefs about self-efficacy to avoid smoking.

This paper examines self-efficacy to avoid cigarette smoking and its association with smoking and quitting behavior, peer and worksite influences, nicotine dependence, and socio-demographic variables among employed adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from employed adolescents ages 15-18 who worked in 10 participating grocery stores in Massachusetts. Eighty-three percent of workers (n=379) completed the survey. Results from the multivariate model indicate that daily smokers were less confident in their ability to avoid smoking than those who smoked less frequently. As nicotine dependence increased, self-efficacy beliefs decreased. In addition, as friends' encouragement to quit increased, self-efficacy beliefs also increased. Work-related variables were not associated with self-efficacy beliefs among smokers. This study suggests that smoking frequency, nicotine dependence, and friends' encouragement to quit are associated with self-efficacy to avoid smoking. Researchers may tailor interventions for daily and less-than-daily smokers, build on peer networks that encourage quitting and help smokers resist pressures to smoke, and enhance strategies for coping with nicotine dependence in high-risk situations.