Neonatal gastric pull up: reality or myth?

Between 1991 and 1998, 28 out of 356 neonates with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EATEF) required esophageal substitution. As only 8 returned (28%) for the esophageal replacement after initial esophagostomy and gastrostomy at our center, we were prompted to offer single-stage esophageal replacement when the primary repair had either failed or was not found feasible. Twelve full-term neonates (mean birth weight 2.32 kg) with EATEF who underwent esophageal replacement by gastric pull-up between 1998 and 2000 were reviewed. The indications were: major leak after primary repair (n=9); pure EA (n=2); and EATEF with a very wide gap (n=1). The average ages at presentation and gastric pull-up were 6.0 and 8.5 days, respectively. The patients were evaluated for gastric transit by a colloid radiopharmaceutical, for duodenogastric reflux (DGR) by hepatic immunodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan, and for gastric clearance and transit by contrast studies. Three patients had minimal leaks from the neck site, all of which healed well. Follow-up with nuclear scans and contrast studies to evaluate gastric emptying revealed obstruction in 1 case and DGR in 25% of cases. There were 2 deaths (16%), 1 due to complex congenital cardiac disease and the other due to septicemia. In view of the acceptable morbidity, mortality, and functional outcome following gastric pull-up, we recommend this procedure if it becomes inevitable in the neonatal period.