Managing patients with "treatment-resistant" schizophrenia.

Patients who fail to respond adequately to pharmacological treatment present an ongoing therapeutic challenge. The term "incomplete recovery" (IR) is preferred to the current term "treatment resistance" to describe these patients. IR should be considered from a multidimensional perspective that includes a broad range of symptoms and functional disabilities that are relevant to schizophrenia. The approach to the incompletely recovered patient needs to be systematic, with consideration given to the factors that may hamper recovery. "Atypical" (second-generation) antipsychotic drugs target various domains of symptoms relevant to IR. Adjunctive treatment strategies (eg, mood stabilisers, antidepressants, combinations of antipsychotics) may be useful, but should be undertaken in specialist psychiatric settings. Although pharmacological treatment is a necessary first step in managing incompletely recovered patients, adjunctive psychosocial interventions are needed to optimise treatment success.