The influence of color on the perception of luminance motion.

We examined the role of color in the processing of motion of a luminance-varying pattern by alternating the color of a moving pattern and measuring the luminance contrast required for accurate discrimination of the motion direction. We report that the contrast threshold for perceiving the direction of motion of luminance-varying patterns is greatly elevated when the mean chromaticity of the moving luminance pattern alternates between two hues. Thus, color plays a critical role in the discrimination of luminance motion direction. The magnitude of the threshold elevation is directly related to the magnitude of the LM opponent color contrast produced by the color alternation. S-cone contrast produces little or no effect. The interference produced by color alternation was greatly reduced in the retinal periphery. Our results indicate that first-order luminance motion mechanisms are sensitive to the color of moving objects as coded by a differencing of the outputs of L and M cones. Contrary to the widely accepted notion that luminance-defined motion is processed primarily in the spectrally broadband magnocellular (M) pathway, our results suggest that the hue-selective parvocellular (P) mechanisms provide input to first-order motion detectors.