First report of the kdr mutation in Anopheles gambiae M form from Burkina Faso, west Africa.

The kdr mutation, conferring resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, has been reported in several West-African populations of Anopheles gambiae S form and in the M form populations from tropical forest of Benin. We report the finding of a single M specimen collected in the rice-field area of Vallée du Kou (Burkina Faso) showing the mutation at the heterozygous state. The monitoring of kdr mutation in An. gambiae forms/species is of paramount importance to implement effective malaria control tools and may greatly improve the knowledge of the relationship between and within An. gambiae populations.