Ontogenetic changes and environmental effects on ocular transmission in four species of coral reef fishes.

Filtration by the humors, cornea and lens limits the spectrum of light available for vision as blocking compounds prevent some wavelengths from reaching photo-sensitive cells of the retina. The visual ecology of fishes is dependent upon factors changing with size and/or habitat. We predicted that ontogeny and habitat depth would affect ocular transmission for four fishes, Mulloidichthys flavolineatus, Parupeneus multifasciatus, Acanthurus triostegas, and Naso lituratus. We measured ocular transmission in specimens from a range of sizes (juvenile-adult) and capture depths (<3-37 m), and used the wavelength (nm) where transmission was reduced 50% as our comparative measure (T(50)). We modeled lens transmission varying pigment concentrations and pathlength, and compared predicted versus measured results. P. multifasciatus, M. flavolineatus, and N. lituratus showed a significant increase in short-wavelength blocking with size. A. triostegas were constant across sizes, and showed a slight but significant effect with depth. Comparisons of predicted versus observed transmission values suggest that pigment concentrations are held constant with age for all species, but species- and family-level differences emerge. The accumulation of blocking compounds in ocular tissues is a contributing means for balancing the costs and benefits of admitting short-wavelength radiation to the retina.