Phase response of model sinoatrial node cells.

When a brief current pulse is incident on excitable cells in cardiac and other nervous tissue, a change in phase of the cell's response is usually observed. In cardiac tissue, the cells are exposed to external stimulation of mainly positive currents, which depolarize the cells. We performed a systematic study of the effect of depolarizing stimuli, covering timing, magnitude, and duration, and demonstrated that all of these parameters influence the phase response of the cell. The phase response of our model cell compares favorably with measurements on isolated sinoatrial node cells. We investigated the phase response to single depolarizing stimuli as a function of the stimulus parameters (phase response curves), and then studied cell responses to the combined effect of a pulse train (entrainment phenomena). The range of magnitudes and durations for the stimuli were 0.01-5 nA and 0.01-50 ms. Comparisons of the entrainment properties of the model with experimental results show good agreement with similar modes and different entrainment ratios occurring for similar basic cycle lengths (as functions of the unperturbed cell period). Our results demonstrate that any combination of parameters that provide the same charge transfer to the cell causes a similar phase response, independent of the specific magnitude and duration for the entire range of stimuli investigated.