Angiotensin II signaling pathways mediated by tyrosine kinases.

Angiotensin II (AngII) plays a critical role in control of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. In addition to its physiological action as a vasoconstrictor, growing evidence supports the notion that AngII contributes to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. The physiological and pathological actions of AngII in adults are mediated largely via the AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), a heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Besides coupling with heterotrimeric G proteins to activate phospholipase C-beta (PLC-beta), AT1R also activates receptor tyrosine kinases (PDGF-R, EGF-R and IGF-R) and non-receptor tyrosine kinases (Src, Fyn, Yes, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and JAK2). These tyrosine kinases play critical roles in AngII-stimulated cell signal events.