Event-related beta EEG changes during wrist movements induced by functional electrical stimulation of forearm muscles in man.

Event-related beta electroencephalographic (EEG) changes were studied during wrist movements induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the appropriate forearm muscles in healthy volunteers. Active and passive hand movements were investigated as control conditions. Significant EEG changes with respect to a pre-movement period were analyzed by calculating time-frequency maps of event-related (de-)synchronization (ERD/ERS) for 32 EEG channels recorded from sensorimotor and premotor areas. Immediately after the beginning of the FES movement, a prominent ERD was found, followed by a beta ERS similar to that observed after active or passive wrist movements. Both changes were maximal over the contralateral primary hand area. The main difference between active and stimulation-induced movements was that in the latter case no ERD was detectable prior to movement-onset. These findings suggest that the sensorimotor processing during FES involves some of the processes which are also involved in voluntary hand movements. Copyright 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.