Trauma management in Australia and the tyranny of distance.

Major trauma presents a time-critical medical emergency. Successful and expeditious management with early definitive treatment is required to prevent secondary injury. The resources in the prehospital setting, at the hospital of first treatment, and at the tertiary referral (major trauma) center all have an impact on the ability of an integrated trauma system to deliver optimal care to a patient. The time between leaving the injury site and instituting definitive care does not always equate with distance. Retrieval resources must be allocated carefully. Potentially preventable morbidity and mortality has been identified and is specifically related to the time between injury and definitive care and the efficiency of the retrieval and hospital transfer processes. These problems are being addressed with a further sophistication of integrated trauma systems. Regional trauma committees, unified and sophisticated ambulance services, good communication lines, adequate resources at major trauma services, and well developed surgical services are all essential for the appropriate and expeditious management of major trauma patients injured at a distance from tertiary referral (major trauma) centers.