CONTEXT: While it is well known that both exogenous and endogenous stimuli can trigger appearance of psoriatic lesions, the initial cellular and molecular events mediated by immunocompetent cells normally resident in prepsoriatic (PN) skin are not well understood. Moreover, it is unclear whether there are any fundamentally important differences in the innate immune response of normal healthy skin (NN skin) versus PN skin. Since acute tissue responses to stimuli involve both resident cells and immunocytes recruited rapidly from circulation, it is difficult to discern the contribution of endogenous cells normally present in skin. OBJECTIVE: To solely characterize the reactivity of resident immunocytes using an experimental system. DESIGN: To probe the activation potential of resident immunocytes in NN (n = 18) and PN skin (n = 10), a short-term ex vivo organ culture system containing interleukin (IL)-2 was established and characterized. To mimic exogenous or environmental trigger factors, bacteria-derived superantigens and lipopolysaccharide were added to the skin-explant assays, whereas endogenous trigger factors were investigated using heat shock proteins. RESULTS: Using this skin-explant assay, both NN and PN skin gave rise to an expansion of various T-cell subsets, which could differentially produce various cytokines and a growth factor (keratinocyte growth factor), depending on the stimulus and source of skin. Bacterial superantigens were relatively potent inducers of interferon-gamma, and natural killer-T cells were observed proliferating from PN skin. CONCLUSIONS: Despite relatively few T cells normally residing in either NN or PN skin, initiation of skin explants from both sets of individuals in the presence of IL-2 triggered vigorous T-cell proliferation and cytokine/growth factor release. These results demonstrate the utility of this skin-explant assay system to further investigate quantitative and qualitative immune responses of NN and PN skin.
CONTEXT: While it is well known that both exogenous and endogenous stimuli can trigger appearance of psoriatic lesions, the initial cellular and molecular events mediated by immunocompetent cells normally resident in prepsoriatic (PN) skin are not well understood. Moreover, it is unclear whether there are any fundamentally important differences in the innate immune response of normal healthy skin (NN skin) versus PN skin. Since acute tissue responses to stimuli involve both resident cells and immunocytes recruited rapidly from circulation, it is difficult to discern the contribution of endogenous cells normally present in skin. OBJECTIVE: To solely characterize the reactivity of resident immunocytes using an experimental system. DESIGN: To probe the activation potential of resident immunocytes in NN (n = 18) and PN skin (n = 10), a short-term ex vivo organ culture system containing interleukin (IL)-2 was established and characterized. To mimic exogenous or environmental trigger factors, bacteria-derived superantigens and lipopolysaccharide were added to the skin-explant assays, whereas endogenous trigger factors were investigated using heat shock proteins. RESULTS: Using this skin-explant assay, both NN and PN skin gave rise to an expansion of various T-cell subsets, which could differentially produce various cytokines and a growth factor (keratinocyte growth factor), depending on the stimulus and source of skin. Bacterial superantigens were relatively potent inducers of interferon-gamma, and natural killer-T cells were observed proliferating from PN skin. CONCLUSIONS: Despite relatively few T cells normally residing in either NN or PN skin, initiation of skin explants from both sets of individuals in the presence of IL-2 triggered vigorous T-cell proliferation and cytokine/growth factor release. These results demonstrate the utility of this skin-explant assay system to further investigate quantitative and qualitative immune responses of NN and PN skin.
Authors: Seemal R Desai; Ilona J Frieden; Joel M Gelfand; Whitney High; Arthur Kavanaugh; Ashfaq A Marghoob; David M Ozog; Ted Rosen; Linda Stein Gold; Bruce Strober; Neil Swanson; George Martin Journal: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol Date: 2015-09
Authors: Peter Novota; Severin Zinöcker; Jean Norden; Xiao Nong Wang; Lisbet Sviland; Lennart Opitz; Gabriela Salinas-Riester; Bent Rolstad; Anne M Dickinson; Lutz Walter; Ralf Dressel Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-01-28 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Elisabeth Hofmann; Julia Fink; Anita Eberl; Eva-Maria Prugger; Dagmar Kolb; Hanna Luze; Simon Schwingenschuh; Thomas Birngruber; Christoph Magnes; Selma I Mautner; Lars-Peter Kamolz; Petra Kotzbeck Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-01-11 Impact factor: 4.379