Pharmacogenomics: marshalling the human genome to individualise drug therapy.

Pharmacogenomics aims to identify the inherited basis for interindividual differences in drug response, and translate this to molecular diagnostics that can be used to individualise drug therapy. This review uses a number of published examples of inherited differences in drug metabolising enzymes, drug transporters, and drug targets (for example, receptors) to illustrate the potential importance of inheritance in determining the efficacy and toxicity of medications in humans. It seems that this field is at the early stages of developing a powerful set of molecular diagnostics that will have profound utility in optimising drug therapy for individual patients.