General stability analysis of synchronized dynamics in coupled systems.

We consider the stability of synchronized states (including equilibrium point, periodic orbit, or chaotic attractor) in arbitrarily coupled dynamical systems (maps or ordinary differential equations). We develop a general approach, based on the master stability function and Gershgörin disk theory, to yield constraints on the coupling strengths to ensure the stability of synchronized dynamics. Systems with specific coupling schemes are used as examples to illustrate our general method.