BACKGROUND: Motor and nonmotor timing functions and cross-modal processing of visual-tactile signals may be linked to basal ganglia. These neural structures are thought to be dysfunctional in dystonia. OBJECTIVE: To test whether cross-modal stimulation influences deficits of temporal discrimination in dystonia. METHODS: Eight patients with generalized dystonia and 10 control subjects were asked to discriminate whether pairs of unimodal (tactile or visual) and cross-modal (visual and tactile) stimuli were simultaneous or sequential and, in the latter case, which stimulus preceded the other. Visual stimuli consisted of red lights and tactile stimuli of non-noxious electrical shocks. Intervals between stimuli in each pair were increased from 0 to 400 msec (in steps of 10 msec). RESULTS: Patients with dystonia recognized the asynchrony between the experimental stimuli and judged correctly which stimulus in a pair came first, at significantly longer intervals than did controls. Moreover, differences in performance between patients and controls were maximal for cross-modal stimuli. The defective performance of patients with dystonia in the cross-modal combinations showed a high positive correlation with the severity of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Patients with generalized dystonia present with difficulties both in timing functions and in cross-modal processing of visual-tactile stimuli.
BACKGROUND: Motor and nonmotor timing functions and cross-modal processing of visual-tactile signals may be linked to basal ganglia. These neural structures are thought to be dysfunctional in dystonia. OBJECTIVE: To test whether cross-modal stimulation influences deficits of temporal discrimination in dystonia. METHODS: Eight patients with generalized dystonia and 10 control subjects were asked to discriminate whether pairs of unimodal (tactile or visual) and cross-modal (visual and tactile) stimuli were simultaneous or sequential and, in the latter case, which stimulus preceded the other. Visual stimuli consisted of red lights and tactile stimuli of non-noxious electrical shocks. Intervals between stimuli in each pair were increased from 0 to 400 msec (in steps of 10 msec). RESULTS:Patients with dystonia recognized the asynchrony between the experimental stimuli and judged correctly which stimulus in a pair came first, at significantly longer intervals than did controls. Moreover, differences in performance between patients and controls were maximal for cross-modal stimuli. The defective performance of patients with dystonia in the cross-modal combinations showed a high positive correlation with the severity of symptoms. CONCLUSION:Patients with generalized dystonia present with difficulties both in timing functions and in cross-modal processing of visual-tactile stimuli.
Authors: Michele Tinazzi; Clementina Stanzani; Mirta Fiorio; Nicola Smania; Giuseppe Moretto; Antonio Fiaschi; Mark J Edwards; Kailash P Bhatia; John C Rothwell Journal: Exp Brain Res Date: 2005-07-14 Impact factor: 1.972
Authors: Matthew A Albrecht; Mathew T Martin-Iverson; Greg Price; Joseph Lee; Rajan Iyyalol; Flavie Waters Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2011-03-23 Impact factor: 4.530
Authors: Mirta Fiorio; Enza Maria Valente; Mattia Gambarin; Anna Rita Bentivoglio; Tamara Ialongo; Alberto Albanese; Paolo Barone; Maria Teresa Pellecchia; Francesco Brancati; Giuseppe Moretto; Antonio Fiaschi; Michele Tinazzi Journal: J Neurol Date: 2008-07-03 Impact factor: 4.849