Transport and inhibitory Ca2+ binding sites on the ATPase enzyme isolated from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Ca2+ binding sites located on the Ca2+-dependent ATPase purified from the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ikemoto, N (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 649) have been further studied. At 0 degrees there are three classes of binding sites denoted as alpha (K congruent to 3 times 10(61 M-1), beta(K congruent to 5 times 10(4) M-1), and gamma (K congruent to 1 times 10(3) M-1) sites. At 22 degrees there is no beta site but there are about two alpha sites per 10(5) daltons, while at 0 degrees there is one alpha and one beta site. The change is reversible. The parallelism between the temperature-induced changes in the alpha site and the reported (Sumida, M., and Tonomura, Y. (1974) J. Biochem. 75, 283) temperature dependence of the ratio of Ca2+ transport and ATP cleavage (deltaCa2+/deltaATP is 2 at 22 degrees and 1 at 0 degrees) suggests the involvement of the alpha site in transport. Studies at a low ATP to enzyme ratio (0.5 to 2.5 mol of ATP/10(5) g of ATPase unit) permitting the separate investigation of the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation process show that concomitantly with the formation of the phosphorylated enzyme (E approximately P) bound calcium is released from, and concomitantly with the dephosphorylation it is rebound to, the alpha site. Binding of Ca2+ to the E approximately P moiety inhibits the liberation of Pi. Analysis by use of a Hill plot of the Ca2+ dependence of the inhibition suggests the involvement of two sites with an average affinity of approximately 10(3) M-1. These have tentatively been identified as alpha (low affinity form) and gamma sites.