Sudden cardiac death.

Sudden cardiac death is a rare but devastating event. The majority of cases in young athletes are caused by congenital cardiac abnormalities that are routinely clinically silent before causing sudden death. An optimal screening practice to help identify underlying asymptomatic cardiac abnormalities has met with much debate. Beyond the American Heart Association's recommendations for cardiovascular screening guidelines for the preparticipation physical examination [47], there are conflicting views regarding the use of more advanced diagnostic screening tests. Athletes in whom a potentially life-threatening cardiovascular abnormality is found face the probability of being restricted from participating in certain types of athletic activity. Participation guidelines for athletes with cardiovascular disease are detailed in the recommendations of the 26th Bethesda Conference [36]. Future goals should continue to focus on the prevention of SCD. The development of a cost-effective screening process that incorporates the use of echocardiography, although having its own set of inherent limitations, may prove to be the most viable option.