[A case report of a patient with emphysematous cystitis who was cured by early cystectomy under a life threatening condition].

A 80-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) visited our hospital on November 24, 1999, because of nausea, vomiting and macrohematuria. Cystoscopy demonstrated a diffuse hyperemic mucosa and gas-filled vesicles in the submucosa. Despite treatment with antibiotics, infection was not controlled and metabolic acidosis was increased. Simple cystectomy and ureterocutaneostomy were performed. Histological examination showed whole mucosal necrosis and vacuolation with aerogenesis in the submucosa and muscle layer of the bladder. Urine and mucosal surface cultures revealed Escherichia coli infection. After operation, the general condition was improved. Thirty six cases of emphysematous cystitis have been reported in Japan including this case. Successful treatment with cystectomy under the life threatening condition was reported for the first time.