Isolation and characterization of canine satellite cells.

Satellite cells were isolated from biopsies of the biceps femoris of adult dogs. Virtually all cells expressed muscle-specific proteins. Proliferation of satellite cells increased as the concentration of fetal calf serum (FCS) was increased from 1 to 10% of the basal medium. The addition of mitogenic growth factors resulted in greater proliferation than that of cells cultured in basal medium alone. Maximum proliferation was obtained when fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF2) was added to the medium, but differences existed between sources or types. Proliferation did not plateau when the concentration of recombinant human FGF2 was 75 ng/ml but reached maximum levels when 50 ng/ml of bovine FGF2 or 10 ng/ml of growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor-1 were added to the medium. Proliferation of satellite cells decreased when more than 5 ng/ml of transforming growth factor-alpha was included in the medium. Exposure of canine satellite cells to chemically defined media induced greater fusion of total nuclei (ODM-34%; 4F, ITT-CF, and SFG-23%) than exposure to other treatments, such as basal medium plus 2 mg/ml of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 5% chick embryo extract, 1% horse serum (average 9% fused nuclei), or 1% FCS (2% fused nuclei). Actin, myosin, desmin, neural cell adhesion molecule, MyoD1, and myogenin were expressed by canine satellite cells, but expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen was not detected. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-15, and leukemia inhibitory factor by canine satellite cells. Collectively, these data suggest that isolated canine satellite cells display properties of other types of myogenic cells and may be useful for further study of the regulation of postnatal myogenesis.