Monoaminergic control of vasopressin and VIP expression in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus.

We studied the effects of serotonin and noradrenaline on the expression of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We used transgenic Tg8 mice knockout for the MAO-A (monoamine oxidase A) gene, which are characterized by increased amounts of serotonin and noradrenaline in brain compared to wild-type mice (C3H). The MAO-A deficiency caused an increase in AVP and VIP expression (determined by immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassay, and in situ hybridization) compared to C3H mice. The number of peptidergic neurons was also increased. Inhibiting serotonin or noradrenaline synthesis in Tg8 mice by the administration of parachlorophenylalanine or alpha-methylparatyrosine, respectively, the amounts of AVP, VIP and their mRNAs were decreased, but not the number of peptidergic neurons. This study indicates that serotonin and noradrenaline stimulate AVP and VIP expression, and could participate in the differentiation of the neurochemical phenotype in the mouse SCN. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.